Greening of the Arctic: An IPY Initiative

Publications:

  1. 2013

    1. Epstein, H.E., Myers-Smith, I., & Walker, D.A. 2013. Recent dynamics of arctic and sub-arctic vegetation. Environmental Research Letters, 8(1), 015040. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/015040
    2. Raynolds, M.K., Walker, D.A., Verbyla, D. and Munger, C.A. 2013. Patterns of Change within a Tundra Landscape: 22-year Landsat NDVI Trends in an Area of the Northern Foothills of the Brooks Range, Alaska. Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR). University of Colorado. doi:10.1657/1938-4246-45.2.249 (PDF)
  1. 2012

    1. Bieniek, P.A. 2012. Assessing River Ice Breakup Date, Coastal Tundra Vegetation and Climate Divisions in the Context of Alaska Climate Variability. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 140 pp.
    2. Kelley, A.M., Epstein, H.E., Ping, C.-L., Walker, D.A. 2012. Soil nitrogen transformations associated with small patterned-ground features along a North American Arctic transect. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 23:196-206. doi:10.1002/ppp.1748 (PDF)
    3. Kumpula, T., Forbes, B.C., Stammler, F., Meschtyb, N. 2012. Dynamics of a Coupled System: Multi-Resolution Remote Sensing in Assessing Social-Ecological Responses during 25 Years of Gas Field Development in Arctic Russia. Remote Sensing: Human-Induced Global Change, 4(4):1046-1068. doi:10.3390/rs4041046 (PDF)
    4. Macias-Fauria, M., Forbes, B.C., Zetterberg, P. and Kumpula, T. 2012. Eurasian Arctic greening reveals teleconnections and the potential for novel ecosystems. Nature Climate Change. doi:10.1038/nclimate1558
    5. Raynolds, M.K., Walker, D.A., Epstein, H.E., Pinzon, J.E., Tucker, C.J. 2012. A new estimate of tundra-biome phytomass from trans-Arctic field data and AVHRR NDVI. Remote Sensing Letters, 3:403-411. doi:10.1080/01431161.2011.609188 (PDF)
    6. Walker, D.A., Bhatt, U.S., Epstein, H.E., Bieniek, P.A., Comiso, J.C., Frost, G.V., Pinzon, J., Raynolds, M.K., Tucker, C.J. 2012. [The Arctic] Changing Arctic tundra vegetation biomass and greenness [in "State of the Climate in 2011"]. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 93(7):S138-139. doi:10.1175/2012BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 (PDF)
  1. 2011

    1. Bhatt, U.S., Walker, D.A., Raynlds, M.K, Bieniek, P., Comiso, J.C., Pinzon, J.E., and Tucker, C.J. 2011. The role of seasonality and large-scale climate drivers in recent Pan-Arctic tundra vegetation variability and change. AGU Fall Meeting. San Francisco, CA, December 5-9. (GC51F-1075, Friday, Dec. 9, session GC51F) (Poster)
    2. Bieniek, P.A., Bhatt, U.S., Walker, D.A., Raynolds, M.K., Comiso, J.C. 2011. Impacts of Changing Seasonality on Arctic Systems and an Arctic in Rapid Transition II. AGU Fall Meeting. San Francisco, CA, December 5-9. (GC32A-04, Wednesday, Dec. 7, session GC32A) (Presentation)
    3. Frost, G.V., Epstein, H.E., Walker, D.A., Matyshak, G., Ermokhina, K. 2011. Tall shrub expansion facilitated by patterned ground in the northwest Siberian Low Arctic. AGU Fall Meeting. San Francisco, CA, December 5-9. (GC51F-1058, Friday, Dec. 9, session GC51F) (Poster)
    4. Goetz, S.J., Epstein, H.E., Alcaraz, J.D., Beck, P.S.A., Bhatt, U.S., Bunn, A., Comiso, J.C., Jia, G.J., Kaplan, J.O., Lilschke, H., Lloyd, A., Walker, D.A., Yu, Q. 2011. Recent changes in Arctic vegetation: Satellite observations and simulation model predictions. In: G. Gutman and A. Reissell (eds.), Eurasian Arctic Land Cover and Land Use in a Changing Climate, pp. 9-36. Springer: New York, NY. (PDF)
    5. Khitun, O.V., Ermokhina, K.A., Leibman, M.O., Khomutov, A.V. 2011. Plant species indicating the depth of active layer on the Bely Island. Fourth Russian Conference on Geocryology. Moscow, Russia, June 7-9. (Presentation)
    6. Kumpula, T., Pajunen, A., Kaarlejärvi, E., Forbes, B.C., Stammler, F. 2011. Land use and land cover change in Arctic Russia: Ecological and social implications of industrial development. Global Environ. Change. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.12.010 (PDF)
    7. Leibman, M.O., Moskalenko, N.G., Orekov, P.T., Khomutov, A.V., Walker, D.A., Epstein, H.E. 2011. Interaction of cryogenic and biotic components in cryolithozone of the West Siberia along the Yamal transect. In: Polar cryosphere and hydrosphere of the Land.
    8. Walker, D.A., Bhatt, U.S., Callaghan, T.V., Comiso, J.C., Epstein, H.E., Forbes, B.C., Gill, M., Gould, W.A., Henry, G.H.R., Jia, G.J., Kokelj, S.V., Lantz, T.C., Oberbauer, S.F., Pinzon, J.E., Raynolds, M.K., Shaver, G.R., Tucker, C.J., Tweedie, C.E., Webber, P.J. 2011. [The Arctic] Land: Vegetation [in "State of the Climate in 2010"]. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 92:S150-S152. doi:10.1175/1520-0477-92.6.S1 (Website)
    9. Walker, D.A., Bhatt, U.S., Callaghan, T.V., Comiso, J.C., Epstein, H.E., Forbes, B.C., Gill, M., Gould, W.A., Henry, G.H.R., Jia, G.J., Kokelj, S.V., Lantz, T.C., Oberbauer, S.F., Pinzon, J.E., Raynolds, M.K., Shaver, G.R., Tucker, C.J., Tweedie, C.E., Webber, P.J. 2011. Vegetation. In: J. Richter-Menge, M.O. Jeffries and J.E. Overland (eds.), Arctic Report Card 2011. NOAA Arctic Research Program. (Website) (PDF)
    10. Walker, D.A., Bhatt, U.S., Raynolds, M.K., Bieniek, P.A., Epstein, H.E., Frost, G.V., Leibman, M.O., Forbes, B.C., Comiso, J.C., Tucker, C.J., Pinzon, J. 2011. Satellite and land-based observations of environment, vegetation and NDVI along two Arctic Transects: Partial results from the IPY Greening of the Arctic Project. AGU Fall Meeting. San Francisco, CA, December 5-9. (GC51F-1072, Friday, Dec. 9, session GC51F) (Poster)
    11. Walker, D.A., Forbes, B.C., Leibman, M.O., Epstein, H.E., Bhatt, U.S., Comiso, J.C., Drozdov, D.S., Gubarkov, A.A., Jia, G.J., Karlejaärvi, E., Kaplan, J.O., Khumutov, V., Kofinas, G.P., Kumpula, T., Kuss, P., Moskalenko, N.G., Raynolds, M.K., Romanovsky, V.E., Stammler, F. and Yu, Q. 2011. Cumulative effects of rapid land-cover and land-use changes on the Yamal Peninsula, Russia. In: G. Gutman and A. Reissel (eds.), Eurasian Arctic Land Cover and Land Use in a Changing Climate, pp. 206-236. Springer: New York, NY. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9118-5_9 (PDF)
    12. Walker, D.A., Kuss, H.P., Epstein, H.E., Kade, A.N., Vonlanthen, C., Raynolds, M.K., Daniëls, F.J.A. 2011. Vegetation of zonal patterned-ground ecosystems along the North American Arctic Transect. Applied Vegetation Science, 14:440-463. (PDF)
    13. Yu, Q., Epstein, H., Walker, D.A., and Forbes, B.C. 2011. Modeling dynamics of circum-arctic tundra plant communities in response to climate warming and grazing pressure. AGU Fall Meeting. San Francisco, cA, December 5-9. (GC41C-0831, Friday, Dec. 9, session GC51F) (Poster)
    14. Yu, Q., Epstein, H.E., Walker, D.A., Frost, G.V., Forbes, B. 2011. Modeling dynamics of tundra plant communities on the Yamal Peninsula, Russia, in response to climate change and grazing pressure. Environmental Research Letters, 6(4). doi:10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/045505 (PDF)
  1. 2010

    1. Alcaraz, J.D., Cabello, J., Epstein, H.E., Jia, G.J. 2010. Trends in the surface vegetation dynamics of the tundra and taiga network of protected areas in Eurasia as observed by satellite sensors. (in prep).
    2. Bhatt, U.S., Walker, D.A., Raynolds, M.K., Bieniek, P.A., Epstein, H.E., Comiso, J.C., Pinzon, J.E., Tucker, C.J., Polyakov, I.V., Liu, Y., Gens, R., Tweedie, C.E., Webber, P.J., Steele, M., Jia, G.J. 2010. Understanding drivers of recent Arctic tundra vegetation changes. AGU Fall Meeting. San Francisco, CA, 13-17 December. (Presentation)
    3. Bhatt, U.S., Walker, D.A., Raynolds, M.K., Comiso, J.C., Epstein, H.E., Jia, G.J., Gens, R., Pinzon, J.E., Tucker, C.J., Tweedie, C.E., Webber, P.J. 2010. Circumpolar Arctic tundra vegetation change is linked to sea-ice decline. Earth Interactions, 14:(8):1-20. (PDF)
    4. Bieniek, P.A., Bhatt, U.S., Walker, D.A., Raynolds, M.K., Comiso, J.C., Epstein, H.E., Gens, R., Pinzon, J.E., Tucker, C.J., Steele, M., Ozimek, C. 2010. Alaska tundra vegetation trends and their links to the large-scale climate. AGU Fall Meeting. San Francisco, CA, 13-17 December. (Poster)
    5. Forbes, B.C., Fauria, M.M., Zetterberg, P. 2010. Russian Arctic warming and 'greening' are closely tracked by tundra shrub willows. Global Change Biology, 1542-1554. (PDF)
    6. Forbes, B.C., Fauria, M.M., Zetterberg, P., Kumpula, T. 2010. Deciduous shrub growth and the greening of the Arctic in West Siberia. AGU Fall Meeting. San Francisco, CA, 13-17 December. (GC53B-08) (Presentation)
    7. Frost, G.V., Epstein, H.E., Walker, D.A., Yu, Q., Raynolds, M.K. 2010. Spatio-temporal trends in vegetation structure and NDVI in Low Arctic northwest Siberia: evidence from the satellite record and ground observations. AGU Fall Meeting. San Francisco, CA, 13-17 December. (GC54A-03) (Presentation)
    8. Kumpula, T., Forbes, B.C., Stammler, F. 2010. Remote sensing and local knowledge of hydrocarbon exploitation: the case of Bovanenkovo, Yamal Peninsula, West Siberia, Russia. Arctic, 63:(2):165-178.
    9. Raynolds, M.K., Walker, D.A., Verbyla, D., Munger, C.A. 2010. Changes in tundra vegetation over 25 years as measured by Landsat NDVI in the Upper Kuparuk River Basin, North Slope Alaska, 1985-2009. AGU Fall Meeting. San Francisco, CA, 13-17 December. (GC43B-0984) (Poster)
    10. Walker, D.A. 2010. Greening of the Arctic: Spatial and temporal (1982-2009) variation of circumpolar tundra NDVI and aboveground biomass. AGU Fall Meeting. San Francisco, CA, 13-17 December. (GC53B-01) (Presentation)
    11. Walker, D.A., Bhatt, U.S., Comiso, J.C., Epstein, H.E., Gould, W.A., Henry, G.H.R., Jia, G.J., Kokelj, S.V., Lantz, T.C., Mercado-Diaz, J.A., Pinzon, J.E., Raynolds, M.K., Shaver, G.R., Tucker, C.J., Tweedie, C.E., Webber, P.J. 2010. [The Arctic] Land: Vegetation [in "State of the Climate in 2009"]. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 91(7):S115-S116. doi:10.1175/BAMS-91-7-StateoftheClimate (Website) (PDF)
    12. Walker, D.A., Raynolds, M.K., Maier, H.A., Barbour, E.M., Neufeld, G.P. 2010. Circumpolar geobotanical mapping: a web-based plant-to-planet approach for vegetation-change analysis in the Arctic. Viten, 1:125-128. (Conference Website) (PDF)
    13. Walker, D.A., Walker, M.D., Gould, W.A., Mercado, J., Auerbach, N.A., Maier, H.A., Neufeld, G.P. 2010. Maps for monitoring changes to vegetation structure and composition: The Toolik and Imnavait Creek grid plots. Viten, 1:121-123. (Conference Website) (PDF)
    14. Yu, Q., Epstein, H.E., Walker, D.A., Frost, G.V. 2010. Modeling dynamics of tundra plant communities on the Yamal Peninsula. AGU Fall Meeting. San Francisco, CA, 13-17 December. (GC54A-04) (Presentation)
  1. 2009

    1. Bhatt, U.S., Walker, D.A., Raynolds, M.K., Steele, M., Epstein, H.E., Jia, G.J., Comiso, J.C., Pinzon, J.E., Tucker, C.J. 2009. Seasonality of the air-sea-ice-land environment of Arctic tundra in Northern Eurasia and North America. AGU Fall Meeting. San Francisco, CA, December 14-18, 90:GC31A-0701. (Poster)
    2. Epstein, H.E., Walker, D.A., Raynolds, M.K., Kelley, A.M., Jia, G.J., Ping, C.L., Michaelson, G.J., Liebman, M.O., Kaarlejärvi, E., Khumotov, A.V., Kuss, H.P., Moskalenko, N.G., Orekhov, P., Matyshak, G., Forbes, B.C., Yu, Q. 2009. Vegetation biomass, leaf area index, and NDVI patterns and relationships along two latitudinal transects in arctic tundra. AGU Fall Meeting. San Francisco, CA, December 14-18, 90:GC31A-0697. (Poster)
    3. Forbes, B.C., Stammler, F., Kumpula, T., Meschtyb, N., Pajunen, A., Kaarlejärvi, E. 2009. High resilience in the Yamal-Nenets social-ecological system, West Siberian Arctic, Russia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 106:(52):22041-22048. (PDF)
    4. Frost, G.V., Epstein, H.E., Walker, D.A. 2009. Spatio-temporal trends in tree and tall shrub cover in the Eurasian Low Arctic: evidence from 1960s and contemporary satellite imagery and ground observations. AGU Fall Meeting. San Francisco, CA, December 14-18, 90:GC31A-0698. (Poster)
    5. Groisman, P.Y., Clark, E.A., Kattsov, V.M., Lettenmaier, D.P., Sokolik, I.N., Aizen, V.B., Cartus, O., Chen, J., Conard, S., Katzenberger, J., Krankina, O., Kukkonen, J., Machida, T., Maksyutov, S., Ojima, D., Qi, J., Romanovsky, V.E., Santoro, M., Schmullius, C.C., Shiklomanov, A.I., Shimoyama, K., Shugart, H.H., Shuman, J.K., Sofiev, M.A., Sukhinin, A.I., Vorosmarty, C., Walker, D.A., Wood, E.F. 2009. The Northern Eurasia Earth Science Partnership: An example of Science Applied to Societal Needs. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 90:671-688. doi:10.1175/2008BAMS2556.1 (PDF)
    6. Jia, G.J., Epstein, H.E., Walker, D.A. 2009. Vegetation greening in the Canadian Arctic related to decadal warming. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 11:2231-2238. doi:10.1039/B911677J (Purchase PDF)
    7. Kelley, A.M., Epstein, H.E. 2009. Effects of nitrogen fertilization on plant communities of nonsorted circles in moist nonacidic tundra, Northern Alaska. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 41(1):119-127. doi:10.1657/1523-0430-41.1.119 (BioOne online article) (PDF)
    8. Leibman, M.O., Khomutov, A.V. 2009. Environmental controls of the thaw depth and rate of thaw under climate fluctuations. Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting. Las Vegas, NV, March 22-27. (Abstract) (Presentation)
    9. Leibman, M.O., Ukraintseva, N.K. 2009. Mechanisms and geoecological consequences of cryogenic landslides in the area of marine sedimentation. European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2009. Vienna, Austria, April 19-24, 11:EGU2009-3980. (Abstract) (Presentation)
    10. Ravilious, K. 2009. Siberia's Arctic landscape is getting greener. Environmental Research Web. (Environmental Research Web)
    11. Raynolds, M.K. 2009. A geobotanical analysis of circumpolar arctic vegetation, climate, and substrate. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 260 pp.
    12. Raynolds, M.K., Walker, D.A. 2009. Effects of deglaciation on circumpolar distribution of arctic vegetation. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 35:(2):118-129. (Permanent link) (PDF)
    13. Walker, D.A., Bhatt, U.S., Epstein, H.E., Raynolds, M.K., Frost, G.V., Liebman, M.O., Khumotov, A.V., Jia, G.J., Forbes, B.C., Comiso, J.C., Pinzon, J.E., Tucker, C.J., Webber, P.J., Tweedie, C.E. 2009. Circumpolar Arctic greening: Relationships to summer sea-ice concentrations, land temperatures and disturbance regimes. AGU Fall Meeting. San Francisco, CA, December 14-18, 90:GC43B-08. (Presentation)
    14. Walker, D.A., Bhatt, U.S., Raynolds, M.K., Comiso, J.C., Epstein, H.E., Jia, G.J. 2009. [The Arctic] Land: Vegetation [in "State of the Climate in 2008"]. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 90(8):S104-S105. doi:10.1175/BAMS-90-8-StateoftheClimate (Website) (PDF)
    15. Walker, D.A., Bhatt, U.S., Raynolds, M.K., Comiso, J.C., Epstein, H.E., Jia, G.J., Pinzon, J.E., Tucker, C.J. 2009. Vegetation. In: J. Richter-Menge, M.O. Jeffries and J.E. Overland (eds.), Arctic Report Card 2008. NOAA Arctic Research Program. (Website) (PDF)
    16. Walker, D.A., Hamilton, T.D., Ping, C.-L., Daanen, R.P., Streever, W.W. 2009. Dalton Highway Field Trip Guide for the Ninth International Conference on Permafrost. Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys. Fairbanks, AK. 9. 117 . (Print copy) (PDF)
    17. Walker, D.A., Leibman, M.O., Epstein, H.E., Forbes, B.C., Bhatt, U.S., Raynolds, M.K., Comiso, J., Gubarkov, A.A., Khomutov, A.V., Jia, G.J., Kaarlejärvi, E., Kaplan, J.O., Kumpula, T., Kuss, H.P., Matyshak, G., Moskalenko, N.G., Orechov, P., Romanovsky, V.E., Ukraientseva, N.K., Yu, Q. 2009. Spatial and temporal patterns of greenness on the Yamal Peninsula, Russia: interactions of ecological and social factors affecting the Arctic normalized difference vegetation index. Environmental Research Letters, 4:16. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/4/4/045004 (PDF)
    18. Yu, Q., Epstein, H.E., Walker, D.A. 2009. Simulating soil organic nitrogen and grazing effects on arctic vegetation dynamics on the Yamal Peninsula, Russia. Environmental Research Letters, 4(4). doi:10.1088/1748-9326/4/4/045027 (PDF)
    19. Yu, Q., Epstein, H.E., Walker, D.A. 2009. Simulating soil organic nitrogen and grazing effects on arctic tundra vegetation dynamics on the Yamal Peninsula, Russia. AGU Fall Meeting. San Francisco, CA, December 14-18, 90:GC31A-0693. (Presentation)
  1. 2008

    1. Bhatt, U.S., Walker, D.A., Raynolds, M., Comiso, J. 2008. Examining relationships between sea ice and Arctic vegetation on the Pan-Arctic, regional and site scales. European Geosciences Union General Assembly. Vienna, Austria, 13 -18 April, 10:EGU2008-A-11271. (Abstract) (Presentation)
    2. Comiso, J.C., Nishio, F. 2008. Trends in the sea ice cover using enhanced and compatible AMSR-E,SSM/I, and SMMR data. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113:C02S07. doi:10.1029/2007JC004257 (PDF)
    3. Comiso, J.C., Parkinson, C.L., Gersten, R., Stock, L. 2008. Accelerated decline in the Arctic sea ice cover. Geophysical Research Letters, 35:L01703. doi:10.1029/2007GL031972 (Abstract) (PDF)
    4. Cook, B., Bonan, G., Levis, S., Epstein, H. 2008. Rapid vegetation responses and feedbacks amplify climate model response to snow cover changes. Climate Dynamics, 30(4):391-406. doi:10.1007/s00382-007-0296-z (PDF)
    5. Cook, B.I., Bonan, G.B., Levis, S., Epstein, H.E. 2008. The thermoinsulation effect of snow cover within a climate model. Climate Dynamics, 31(1):107-124. doi:10.1007/s00382-007-0341-y (PDF)
    6. Daanen, R., Romanovsky, V., Walker, D., LaDouceur, M. 2008. High resolution, surface and subsurface survey of a non-sorted circle system. Ninth International Conference on Permafrost. Fairbanks, AK, June 29 - July 3, 1:321-326. (Session 1P-9-62) (Poster)
    7. Daanen, R.P., Misra, D., Epstein, H., Walker, D., Romanovsky, V. 2008. Simulating nonsorted circle development in arctic tundra ecosystems. Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences, 113:1-10. doi:10.1029/2008JG000682 (PDF)
    8. Epstein, H.E., Walker, D.A., Kuss, P., Karlejaärvi, E., Matyshak, G. 2008. Ecosystem Properties along a Latitudinal Gradient of the Yamal Region, Russia. European Geosciences Union General Assembly. Vienna, Austria, 13 - 18 April, 10:EGU2008-A-04406. (Abstract) (Poster)
    9. Epstein, H.E., Walker, D.A., Raynolds, M.K., Jia, G.J., Kelley, A.M. 2008. Phytomass patterns across a temperature gradient of the North American arctic tundra. Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences, 113:1-11. (Permanent link) (PDF)
    10. Jia, G.J., Epstein, H.E., Walker, D.A., Wang, H. 2008. Decadal changes of phenological patterns over arctic tundra biome. AGU Fall Meeting. San Francisco, CA, Dec. 15-19, 89:C21C-0559. (Poster)
    11. Kade, A., Walker, D.A. 2008. Experimental alteration of vegetation on nonsorted circles: effects on cryogenic activity and implications for climate change in the Arctic. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 40(1):96-103. doi:10.1657/1523-0430(06-029)[KADE]2.0.CO;2 (Abstract) (PDF)
    12. Leibman, M.O., Epstein, H.E., Khomutov, A.V., Moskalenko, N.G., Walker, D.A. 2008. Relation of active layer depth to vegetation on the central Yamal Peninsula, Russia. Ninth International Conference on Permafrost. Fairbanks, AK, June 29-July 3, Extended Abstracts 2:177-178. (Session 2P-4-43) (Poster)
    13. Michaelson, G.J., Ping, C.L., Epstein, H., Kimble, J.M., Walker, D.A. 2008. Soils and frost boil ecosystems across the North American Arctic Transect. Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences, 113:G03S11, 10.1029/2007JG000672. doi:10.1029/2007JG000672 (Abstract) (PDF)
    14. Nicolsky, D.J., Romanovsky, V.E., Tipenko, G.S., Walker, D.A. 2008. Modeling biogeophysical interactions in nonsorted circles in the Low Arctic. Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences, 113:1-17. doi:10.1029/2007JG000565 (Abstract) (PDF)
    15. Nicolsky, D.J., Romanovsky, V.E., Tipenko, G.S., Walker, D.A. 2008. Modeling observed differential frost heave within non-sorted circles in Alaska. Ninth International Conference on Permafrost. Fairbanks, AK, June 29-July 3, 2:1281-1286. (Session 3P-6-54) (Poster)
    16. Peterson, R.A. 2008. Numerical modeling of differential frost heave. Ninth International Conference on Permafrost. Fairbanks, AK, June 29-July 3, 2:1399-1404. (Presentation)
    17. Peterson, R.A., Krantz, W.B.a. 2008. Differential frost heave model for patterned ground formation: Corroboration with observations along a North American Arctic Transect. Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences, 113:G03S04, 1-17. doi:10.1029/2007JG000559 (Abstract) (PDF)
    18. Ping, C.-L., Michaelson, G.J., Jorgenson, M.T., Kimble, J.M., Epstein, H., Romanovsky, V.E., Walker, D.A. 2008. High stocks of soil organic carbon in North American Arctic region. Nature Geoscience, 1:615-619. doi:10.1038/ngeo284 (Abstract) (PDF)
    19. Ping, C.-L., Michaelson, G.J., Kimble, J.M., Romanovsky, V.E., Shur, Y.L., Swanson, D.K., Walker, D.A. 2008. Cryogenesis and soil formation along a bioclimate gradient in Arctic North America. Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences, 113:G03S12. doi:10.1029/2008JG000744 (PDF)
    20. Raynolds, M.K., Comiso, J.C., Walker, D.A., Verbyla, D. 2008. Relationship between satellite-derived land surface temperatures, arctic vegetation types, and NDVI. Remote Sensing of Environment, 112(4):1884-1894. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2007.09.008 (PDF)
    21. Raynolds, M.K., Walker, D.A. 2008. Circumpolar relationships between permafrost characteristics, NDVI, and arctic vegetation types. Ninth International Conference on Permafrost. Fairbanks, AK, June 29-July 3, 2:1469-1474. (Presentation)
    22. Raynolds, M.K., Walker, D.A., Munger, C.A., Vonlanthen, C.M., Kade, A.N. 2008. A map analysis of patterned-ground along a North American Arctic Transect. Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences, 113:1-18. doi:10.1029/2007JG000512 (Abstract) (PDF)
    23. Romanovsky, V.E., Marchenko, S.S., Daanen, R., Sergeev, D.O., Walker, D.A. 2008. Soil climate and frost heave along the permafrost/ecological North American Arctic transect. Ninth International Conference on Permafrost. Fairbanks, AK, June 28-July3, 2:1519-1524. (Presentation)
    24. Vonlanthen, C.M., Walker, D.A., Raynolds, M.K., Kade, A., Kuss, H.P., Daniëls, F.J.A., Matveyeva, N.V. 2008. Patterned-ground plant communities along a bioclimate gradient in the High Arctic, Canada. Phytocoenologia, 38:23-63. doi:10.1127/0340-269X/2008/0038-0023 (Abstract) (PDF)
    25. Walker, D.A., Barbour, E.M., Maier, H.A. 2008. A Web-based Arctic Geobotanical Atlas and a New Hierarchy of Maps of the Toolik Lake Region, Alaska. Ninth International Conference on Permafrost. Fairbanks, AK, June 29 - July 3, 2:1893-1898. (Presentation)
    26. Walker, D.A., Bhatt, U.S., Epstein, H.E. 2008. Greening of the Arctic: an IPY Initiative. AGU Fall Meeting. San Francisco, CA, December 12-15, 89:1. (U23F-05 INVITED) (Presentation)
    27. Walker, D.A., Bhatt, U.S., Romanovsky, V.E., Kofinas, G.P., Raynolds, M.K., Epstein, H.E., Yu, Q., Forbes, B.C., Stammler, F., Karlejäarvi, E., Leibman, M., Moskalenko, N., Gubarkov, A., Khomutov, A., Kumpula, T., Comiso, J.C., Kuss, J.P., Jia, G.J., Kaplan, J.O., Matyshak, G. 2008. Application of space-based technologies and models to address land-cover/land-use change problems on the Yamal Peninsula, Russia. European Geosciences Union General Assembly. Vienna, Austria, April 13-18, 10:EGU2008-A-05697. (EGU2008-A-05697) (Presentation)
    28. Walker, D.A., Epstein, H.E., Romanovsky, V.E., Ping, C.L., Michaelson, G.J., Daanen, R.P., Shur, Y., Peterson, R.A., Krantz, W.B., Raynolds, M.K., Gould, W.A., Gonzalez, G., Nicolsky, D.J., Vonlanthen, C.M., Kade, A.N., Kuss, P., Kelley, A.M., Munger, C.A., Tarnocai, C.T., Matveyeva, N.V., Daniëls, F.J.A. 2008. Arctic patterned-ground ecosystems: A synthesis of field studies and models along a North American Arctic Transect. Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences, 113:G03S01. doi:10.1029/2007JG000504 (PDF)
    29. Walker, D.A., Epstein, H.E., Welker, J.M. 2008. Introduction to special section on Biocomplexity of Arctic Tundra Ecosystems. Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences, 113:G03S00. doi:10.1029/2008JG000740 (PDF)
    30. Walker, D.A., Leibman, M.O., Forbes, B.C., Epstein, H.E. 2008. Cumulative effects of rapid climate and land-use changes on the Yamal Peninsula, Russia. AGU Fall Meeting. San Francisco, CA, December 15-19, 89:GC52A-07. (GC52A-07) (Presentation)
    31. Walker, D.A., Raynolds, M.K., Gould, W.A. 2008. Fred Daniëls, Subzone A, and the North American Arctic Transect. Abhandlungen aus dem Westfälischen Museum für Naturkunde, 70:(3/4):387-400. (PDF)
    32. Yu, Q., Epstein, H.E. 2008. Evaluating Arctic tundra system resilience to grazing disturbances: A modeling approach. European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2008. Vienna, Austria, 13 - 18 April, 10:EGU2008-A-12154. (EGU2008-A-12154) (Poster)
  1. 2007

    1. Cook, B.I., Bonan, G.B., Levis, S., Epstein, H.E. 2007. Dynamic vegetation amplifies climate model response to snow cover changes. Climate Dynamics .
    2. Daanen, R., Misra, D., Epstein, H.E. 2007. Active-layer hydrology in nonsorted circle ecosystems of the arctic tundra. Vadose Zone Journal, 6(4):694-704.
    3. Daanen, R.P., Misra, D., Epstein, H.E. 2007. Active-layer hydrology in non-sorted circle ecosystems of the Arctic tundra. Vadose Zone Journal, 6:694-704. (Permanent link) (PDF)
    4. Epstein, H.E., Yu, Q., Kaplan, J.O., Lischke, H. 2007. Simulating future changes in arctic and subarctic vegetation. Computing in Science and Engineering, 9(4):12-23. doi:10.1109/MCSE.2007.84 (PDF)
    5. Munger, C.A. 2007. Spatial and temporal patterns of vegetation, terrain, and greenness in the Toolik Lake and Upper Kuparuk River region. M.S. Thesis. University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 69 pp. (PDF)
    6. van Bogaert, R., Walker, D.A., Jia, G.J., Grau, O., Hallinger, M., De Dapper, M., Jonasson, C. and Callaghan, T.V. 2007. Recent changes in vegetation. In: J. Richter-Menge, M.O. Jeffries and J.E. Overland (eds.), Arctic Report Card 2007. NOAA Arctic Research Program. (Website) (PDF)
  1. 2006

    1. Cook, B.I., Bonan, G.B., Levis, S., Epstein, H.E., Smith, T.M. 2006. Amplification of climate model response to snow cover fraction parameterization through dynamic vegetation. AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, December 11-15, 87:C21C-1181. (C21C-1181) (Presentation)
    2. Epstein, H.E., Kelley, A.M., Walker, D.A., Jia, G.J., Raynolds, M.K. 2006. Regional-scale vegetation dynamics in patterned-ground ecosystems of arctic tundra. AGU Fall Meeting. San Francisco, CA, December 11-15, 87:C51A-0396. (C51A-0396) (Presentation)
    3. Jia, G.J., Epstein, H.E., Walker, D.A. 2006. Spatial heterogeneity of tundra vegetation response to recent temperature changes. Global Change Biology, 12:42-55. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01079.x (PDF)
    4. Jia, G.J., Epstein, H.E., Walker, D.A. 2006. Decadal changes of vegetation greenness in the Canadian Arctic. AGU Fall Meeting. San Francisco, CA, December 11-15, 87:C51A-0383. (C51A-0383) (Presentation)
    5. Kade, A. 2006. Biocomplexity of nonsorted circles in the Low Arctic, Alaska. Thesis. University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 245 pp.
    6. Kade, A., Romanovsky, V.E., Walker, D.A. 2006. The N-factor of nonsorted circles along a climate gradient in Arctic Alaska. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 17(4):279-289. doi:10.1002/ppp.563 (PDF)
    7. Kuss, P., Kade, A.N., Vonlanthen, C.M., Raynolds, M.K., Matveyeva, N.V., Daniels, F.J.A., Walker, D.A. 2006. Vegetation differentiation of arctic patterned-ground ecosystems. AGU Fall Meeting. San Francisco, CA, December 11-15, 87:C44A-05. (C44A-05)
    8. Michaelson, G.J., Ping, C.L., Epstein, H.E., Kimbel, J.M., Romanovsky, V.E., Tarnocai, C.T., Walker, D.A. 2006. Soil Properties and Patterned Ground Across the North American Arctic Transect. AGU Fall Meeting. San Francisco, CA, December 11-15, C51A-0397. (C51A-0397)
    9. Munger, C.A., Walker, D.A., Raynolds, M.K., Kade, A.N., Vonlanthen, C.M., Kuss, P., Daanen, R.P. 2006. The North American Arctic Transect: baseline vegetation and active layer maps for the IPY. AGU Fall Meeting. San Francisco, CA, December 11 - 15, C51A-0382. (C51A-0382)
    10. Raynolds, M.K., Walker, D.A., Kade, A.N., Vonlanthen, C.M., Vockeroth, S.G., Munger, C.A., Kuss, H.P. 2006. Aboveground Phytomass of Vegetation Communities Along an Arctic Climate Gradient. AGU Fall Meeting. San Francisco, CA, December 11-15, 87:C51A-0385. (C51A-0385) (Proceedings)
    11. Raynolds, M.K., Walker, D.A., Maier, H.A. 2006. NDVI patterns and phytomass distribution in the circumpolar Arctic. Remote Sensing of Environment, 102:271-281. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2006.02.016 (PDF)
    12. Richter-Menge, J., Overland, J., Proshutinsky, A., Romanovsky, V., Bengtsson, L., Brigham, L., Dyurgerov, M., Gascard, J.C., Gerland, S., Graversen, R., Hass, C., Karcher, M., Kuhry, P., Maslanik, J., Melling, H., Maslowski, W., Morison, J., Perovich, D., Przybylak, R., Rachold, V., Rigor, I., Shiklomanov, A., Stroeve, J., Walker, D., Walsh, J. 2006. State of the Arctic Report. NOAA/OAR/PMEL. Seattle, WA. NOAA OAR Special Report(2952). 36 . (State of the Arctic) (PDF)
    13. Romanovsky, V.E., Marchenko, S.S., Daanen, R., Nikolsky, D., Sergeev, D.O., Walker, D.A. 2006. Soil climate and frost heave along the permafrost/ecological North American Arctic Transect. AGU Fall Meeting. San Francisco, CA, December 11 - 15, C44A-06. (C44A-06) (Presentation)
    14. Romanovsky, V.E., Marchenko, S.S., Grosse, G., Duguay, C.R., Zheleznyak, M.N., Sergeev, D.O. 2006. Monitoring and Modeling of the Northern Eurasia Permafrost Dynamics. AGU Fall Meeting. San Francisco, CA, December 11-15, 87:52. (GC21B-04 INVITED)
  1. 2005

    1. Afonina, O.M., Raynolds, M.K., Walker, D.A. 2005. On the moss flora of Mould Bay (Prince Patrick Island, Canadian Arctic Archipelago). Arctoa, 14:135-142. (PDF)
    2. Daanen, R., Misra, D., Epstein, H.E. 2005. Modeling the Hydrology and the Effect of Climate Warming on the Non-Sorted Circle Ecosystem in the Arctic Tundra. AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, December 5-9. (H53C-0477) (Poster)
    3. Epstein, H.E., D.A. Walker, G.J. Jia, Kelley, A.M. 2005. Climate, plant biomass, NDVI, and LAI relationships along the full arctic bioclimate gradient. AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, December 5-9, 86:B33E-1092. (B33E-1092) (Presentation)
    4. Jia, G.J., Epstein, H.E., Walker, D.A. 2005. Uneven response of arctic tundra to recent environmental changes. AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, December 5-9, 86:B33E-1091. (B33E-1091) (Presentation)
    5. Kade, A., Walker, D.A., Raynolds, M.K. 2005. Plant communities and soils in cryoturbated tundra along a bioclimate gradient in the Low Arctic, Alaska. Phytocoenologia, 35:761-820. (Abstract) (PDF)
    6. Kade, A., Walker, D.A., Romanovsky, V.E. 2005. The effect of vegetation, soil organic layer and snow on the modified N-factor in patterned-ground ecosystems. AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, December 5-9, 86:C21C-1135. (C21C-1135) (Presentation)
    7. Kelley, A.M., Epstein, H.E., Walker, D.A. 2005. Soil nitrogen cycling associated with small patterned ground features along a high-latitude temperature gradient in northern Alaska. AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, December 5-9, B51A-0193. (B51A-0193) (Presentation)
    8. Misra, D., Daanen, R. 2005. Visualizing Frost Boils. Challenges - in science and engineering, 13:(1):18-19, 23. (PDF)
    9. Ping, C.-L., Michaelson, G.J., Kimble, J.M., Walker, D.A. 2005. Soil acidity and exchange properties of cryogenic soils in Arctic Alaska. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 51(5):649-653. doi:10.1111/j.1747-0765.2005.tb00083.x (Abstract) (PDF)
    10. Ping, C.-L., Michaelson, G.J., Tarnocai, C., Walker, D.A. 2005. Cryogenic features of tundra soils along a bioclimate gradient in arctic Alaska and Canada. AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, December 5-9, 86:C24A-05. (C24A-05) (Presentation)
    11. Raynolds, M.K., Walker, D.A., Kade, A.N., Munger, C.A. 2005. Small-scale patterned ground in the Arctic: Maps of vegetation and thaw depth on a north-south transect. AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, December 5-9, 86:C24A. (C24A-06) (Presentation)
    12. Raynolds, M.K., Walker, D.A., Maier, H.A. 2005. Plant community-level mapping of arctic Alaska based on the Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map. Phytocoenologia, 35:821-848. doi:10.1127/0340-269X/2005/0035-0821 (Abstract) (PDF)
    13. Walker, D.A., Daanen, R.P., Epstein, H.E., Gonzalez, G., Gould, W.A., Kade, A.N., Kelley, A.M., Krantz, W.B., Michaelson, G.J., Munger, C.A., Nickolsky, D.J., Peterson, R.A., Ping, C.L., Raynolds, M.K., Romanovsky, V.E., Shur, Y.L., Tarnocai, C.T., Tipenko, G.S., Timling, I., Vonlanthen, C.M. 2005. The North American Arctic Transect: Patterned ground ecosystems across the full arctic bioclimate gradient. AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, December 5-9, 86:C24A-03. (C24A-03) (Presentation)
    14. Zhurbenko, M.P., Laursen, G.A., Walker, D.A. 2005. New and rare lichenicolous fungi and lichens from the North American Arctic. Mycotaxon, 92:201-212. (Abstract) (PDF)
    15. Zhurbenko, M.P., Raynolds, M.K., Walker, D.A., Matveeva, N.V. 2005. Lichens and lichenicolous fungi from the Kolyma delta region, Russian Arctic. Graphis Scripta, 17:27-29. (PDF)
  1. 2004

    1. Chappell, G.G., Brody, B., Webb, P., Chord, J., Romanovsky, V., Tipenko, G. 2004. Virtual Reality Visualization of Permafrost Dynamics Along a Transect Through Northern Alaska. AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, December 13-17, 85:C43B-0231. (C43B-0231) (Presentation)
    2. Epstein, H.E., Beringer, J., Copass, C., Gould, W., Lloyd, A., Chapin III, F.S., Ping, C.L., Michaelson, G., Rupp, S., Walker, D.A. 2004. The nature of spatial transitions in arctic ecosytems. Journal of Biogeography, 31:1917-1933. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.01140.x (Abstract) (PDF)
    3. Jia, G.J., Epstein, H.E., Walker, D.A. 2004. Controls over intra-seasonal dynamics of AVHRR NDVI for the Arctic tundra in northern Alaska. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 25(9):1547-1564. doi:10.1080/0143116021000023925 (PDF)
    4. Kelley, A.M., Epstein, H., Walker, D.A. 2004. Role of vegetation and climate in permafrost active layer depth in arctic tundra of Northern Alaska and Canada. Journal of Glaciology and Climatology, 26:269-273. (PDF)
    5. Nicolsky, D.J., Romanovsky, V.E., Tipenko, G.S., Walker, D.A. 2004. A coupled thermo-mechanical model of differential frost heave. AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, December 13-17, 85:C13B-0282. (C13B-0282) (Presentation)
    6. Ping, C.L., Jorgensen, T., Shur, Y. 2004. Soil cryogenic structures and their implications for land use in Alaska. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 26:(z1).
    7. Ping, C.L., Swanson, D.K. and Clark, M.H. 2004. Cryosols in Alaska. In: J. M. Kimble (ed.), Permafrost-affected soils, pp. 71-94. Springer-Verlag: Berlin, Heidelberg. (PDF)
    8. Tipenko, G.S., Marchenko, S., Romanovsky, V.E., Groshev, V., Sazonova, T. 2004. Spatially Distributed Model of Permafrost Dynamics in Alaska. AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, December 13-17, 85:C12A-02. (C12A-02) (Presentation)
    9. Walker, D.A., Epstein, H.E., Gould, W.A., Kelley, A.M., Kade, A.N., Knudson, J.A., Krantz, W.B., Michaleson, G., Peterson, R.A., Ping, C.L., Raynolds, M.K., Romanovsky, V.E., Shur, Y.L. 2004. Frost-boil ecosystems: complex interactions between landforms, soils, vegetation, and climate. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 15(2):171-188. doi:10.1002/ppp.487 (Abstract) (PDF)
  1. 2003

    1. Comiso, J.C. 2003. Warming trends in the Arctic from clear sky satellite observations. Journal of Climate, 16:3498-3510. (Permanent link) (PDF)
    2. Gould, W.A., Quijano, A., Gonzalez, G., Walker, D.A. 2003. Variation in frost-boil morphology and associated vegetation characteristics along a climatic gradient. AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, December 8-12, 84:B31C-0311. (B31C-0311)
    3. Gould, W.A., Walker, D.A., Biesboer, D. 2003. Combining research and education: Bioclimatic Zonation along a Canadian Arctic Transect. Arctic, 56:(1):45-54. (Abstract) (PDF)
    4. Jia, G.J., Epstein, H.E., Walker, D.A. 2003. Greening of arctic Alaska, 1981-2001. Geophysical Research Letters, 30(20):1-4. doi:10.1029/2003GL018268 (Abstract) (PDF)
    5. Kaplan, J.O., Bigelow, N.H., Prentice, I.C., Harrison, S.P., Bartlein, P.J., Christensen, T.R., Cramer, W., Matveyeva, N.V., McGuire, A.D., Murray, D.F., Razzhivin, V.Y., Smith, B., Walker, D.A., Anderson, P.M., Andreev, A.A., Brubaker, L.B., Edwards, M.E., Lozhkin, L.V. 2003. Climate change and Arctic ecosystems II: Modeling, paleodata-model comparisons, and future projections. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108 (D19). doi:10.1029/2002JD002559 (Abstract) (PDF)
    6. Nicolsky, D.J., Tipenko, G.S., Romanovsky, V.E. 2003. Developing a numerical model of frost boils dynamics. AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, December 8-12, 84:C21B-0813. (C21B-0813)
    7. Peterson, R.A., Krantz, W.B. 2003. A mechanism for differential frost heave and its implications for patterned ground formation. Journal of Glaciology, 49:(164):69-80. (Abstract) (PDF)
    8. Peterson, R.A., Walker, D.A., Romanovsky, V.E., Knudson, J.A., Raynolds, M.K., Krantz, W.B. 2003. A differential frost heave model: cryoturbation-vegetation interactions. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Permafrost. Lisse, 21-25 July, 2:885-890. (Complete set of PDFs) (Presentation)
    9. Ping, C.-L., Michaelson, G.J., Overduin, P.P., Stiles, C.A. 2003. Morphogenesis of frost boils in the Galbraith Lake area, arctic Alaska. Eighth International Conference on Permafrost Extended Abstracts. Zurich, Switzerland, July 21 - 25, 2:897-900. (Poster)
    10. Shur, Y.L., Ping, C.L. 2003. The Driving Force of Frost Boils and Hummocks Formation. AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, December 8-12, 84:C21B-0823. (C21B-0823) (Presentation)
    11. Walker, D.A., Epstein, H.E., Jia, J.G., Balser, A.W., Copass, C., Edwards, E.J., Gould, W.A., Hollingsworth, J., Knudson, J., Maier, H.A., Moody, A., Raynolds, M.K. 2003. Phytomass, LAI, and NDVI in northern Alaska: Relationships to summer warmth, soil pH, plant functional types, and extrapolation to the circumpolar Arctic. Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres, 108(d2):8169. doi:10.1029/2001JD000986 (Abstract) (PDF)
    12. Walker, D.A., Jia, G.J., Epstein, H.E., Raynolds, M.K., Chapin , F.S., III, Copass, C.D., Hinzman, L.D., Knudson, J.A., Maier, H.A., Michaelson, G.J., Nelson, F., Ping, C.L., Romanovsky, V.E., Shiklomanov, N. 2003. Vegetation-soil-thaw-depth relationships along a low-arctic bioclimate gradient, Alaska: synthesis of information from the ATLAS studies. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 14(2):103-123. doi:10.1002/ppp.452 (Abstract) (PDF)
  1. 2002

    1. Jia, G.J., Epstein, H.E., Walker, D.A. 2002. Spatial characteristics of AVHRR-NDVI along latitudinal transects in northern Alaska. Journal of Vegetation Science, 13:(3):315-326. (JSTOR) (PDF)
    2. Walker, D.A., Jia, G.J., Epstein, H.E., Shiklomanov, N.I., Nelson, F.E., Hinzman, L.D., Romanovsky, V.E. 2002. Vegetation-soil-active layer relationships along a low-arctic bioclimate gradient, Alaska. AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, December 6-10, 83:B72D-02. (B72D-02) (Presentation)
  1. 1998

    1. Nelson, F.E., Hinkel, K.M., Shiklomanov, N.I., Mueller, G.R., Miller, L.L., Walker, D.A. 1998. Active-layer thickness in north central Alaska: Systematic sampling, scale, and spatial autocorrelation. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103:(D22):28963-28973. (Abstract) (PDF)
    2. Reeburgh, W.S., King, J.Y., Regli, S.K., Kling, G.W., Auerbach, N.A., Walker, D.A. 1998. A CH4 emission estimate for the Kuparuk River basin, Alaska. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103(D22):29,005-29,013. doi:10.1029/98JD00993 (Abstract) (PDF)
  1. 1997

    1. Nelson, F.E., Shiklomanov, N.I., Mueller, G.R., Hinkel, K.M., Walker, D.A. and Bockheim, J.G. 1997. Estimating active-layer thickness over a large region: Kuparuk River Basin, Alaska, USA. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 29:(4):367-378. (JSTOR) (PDF)

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